Abstract: In the early 7th century, an army led by Ebionites - a Jewish Christian Messianic
apocalyptic and eschatological movement - conquered Jerusalem and rebuilt a YHVH Temple
expecting the second coming of Jesus (Parousia). After a few years of vain expectation, the belief in
Jewish Messiah was abandoned and replaced by a new religious military project that gave origin to
Islam.
Keywords: Islam origins, Zionism, Byzantines, Sasanians, Heraclius, Temple Mount,
Holy Land, Jerusalem, Late Antiquity, Jewish Christians, Qur’an, Ebionites, Nazareans,
Judaism, Christianity.
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